Murbei Tanaman Obat Indonesia

Murbei
(Morus alba L.)

Sinonim :
= M. australis, Poir. = M. atropurpurea, Roxb. = M. constantinopalita, Poir. = M. indica, Linn. = M. rubra, Lour.

Familia :
Moraceae

Uraian :
Murbei berasal dari Cina, tumbuh baik pada ketinggian lebih dari 100 m dpl. dan memerlukan cukup sinar matahari. Tumbuhan yang sudah dibudidayakan ini menyukai daerah-daerah yang cukup basa seperti di lereng gunung, tetapi pada tanah yang berdrainase baik. Kadang ditemukan tumbuh liar. Pohon, tinggi sekitar 9 m, percabangan banyak, cabang muda berambut halus. Daun tunggal, letak berseling, bertangkai yang panjangnya 4 cm. Helai daun bulat telur sampai berbentuk jantung, ujung runcing, pangkal tumpul, tepi bergerigi, pertulangan menyirip agak menonjol, permukaan atas dan bawah kasar, panjang 2,5 - 20 cm, lebar 1,5 - 12 cm, warnanya hijau. Bunga majemuk bentuk tandan, keluar dari ketiak daun, mahkota bentuk taju, warnanya putih. Dalam satu pohon terdapat bunga jantan, bunga betina dan bunga sempurna yang terpisah. Murbei berbunga sepanjang tabun. Buahnya banyak berupa buah buni, berair dan rasanya enak. Buah muda warnanya hijau, setelah masak menjadi hitam. Biji kecil, warna hitam. Tumbuhan ini dibudidayakan karena daunnya digunakan unluk makanan ulat sutera. Daun muda enak di sayur dan berkhasiat sebagai pembersih darah bagi orang yang sering bisulan. Perbanyakan dengan setek dan okulasi.

Nama Lokal :
Besaran (Indonesia). murbai, besaran (Jawa).; Kerta, kitau (Sumatera).; Sangye (China), may mon, dau tam (Vietnam), morus leaf,; morus bark,morus fruit, mulberry leaf, mulberry bark,; mulberry twigs, white mulberry, mulberry (Inggris).;

Penyakit Yang Dapat Diobati :
Demam, flu, malaria, batuk, rematik, darah tinggi (hipertensi), ; Kencing manis (diabetes melitus), kaki gajah (elephantiasis), ; Radang mata merah (conjunctivitis acute), memperbanyak ASI,; Keringat malam, muntah darah, batuk darah, batuk berdahak,; Kolesterol tinggi (hiperkolesterolemia), tidak datang haid, ; Gangguan saluran cerna, sesan napas (asma), cacingan,; Muka bengkak (edema), sukar kencing (disuria), neurastenia,; Jantung berdebar (palpitasi), rasa haus dan mulut kering,; Sukar tidur (insomnia), telinga berdenging (tinnitus), sembelit,; Tuli, vertigo, hepatitis, kurang darah (anemia), rambut beruban,; Sakit kepala, s.tenggorokan, s.gigi, s.kulit, s.pinggang (lumbago),; Menyuburkan pertumbuhan rambut.;

Pemanfaatan :
BAGIAN YANG DIGUNAKAN :
Daun, ranting, buah, dan kulit akar dapat digunakan sebagai obat. Untuk penyimpanan, buah dikukus baru dijemur, ranting dipotong tipis lalu dijemur, dan kulit akar dicuci bersih lalu dipotong-potong tipis kemudian dijemur sampai kering.

INDIKSI :
Daun (Sang ye) berkhasiat untuk:
- demam karena flu, malaria,
- batuk,
- sakit kepala, sakit tenggorok, sakit gigi, rematik,
- darah tinggi (hipertensi),
- kencing manis (diabetes mellitus),
- kaki gajah (elephantiasis tungkai bawah),
- sakit kulit bisul,
- radang mata merah (conjunctivitis acute),
- memperbanyak air susu ibu (ASI),
- keringat malwn,
- muntah darah dan batuk darah akibat darah panas,
- kolesterol tinggi (hiperkolesierolemia), dan
- gangguan pada saluran cerna.

Kulit akar (Sang bai pi) berkhasiat untuk:
- sakit gigi,
- tidak datang haid,
- batuk berdahak, sesak napas (asma),
- muka bengkak (ederna),
- kencing yang nyeri dan susah (disuria), dan
- cacingan.

Buah (Sang shen) berkhasiat untuk:
- tekanan darah tinggi (hipertensi),
- jantung berdebar (palpitasi),
- kencing manis (diabetes mellitus), rasa haus dan mulut kering,
- sukar tidur (insomnia),
- batuk berdahak,
- pendengaran berkurang dan penglihatan kabur,
- telinga berdenging (tinnitus), tuli, tujuh keliling (vertigo),
- hepatitis kronis,
- sembelit pada orang tua,
- kurang darah (anemia), neurastenia,
- sakit otot dan persendian, sakit tenggorok, serta
- rambut beruban.sebelum waktunya.

Ranting (Sang zhi) berkhasiat untuk:
- rematik,
- tangan dan kaki terasa baal dan sakit,
- sakit pinggang (lumbago),
- keram pada tangan dan kaki,
- tekanan darah tinggi, serta menyuburkan pertumbuhan rambut.

Cara Pemakaian
Untuk diminurn, pilih salah satu bagian yang disukai. Bila kulit akar Untuk pemakaian luar, daun segar dilumatkan atau digiling halus, 10 - 15 g; ranting 15 - 30 g; sedang daun dosisnya 5 - 10 g sekali rebus, dapat juga menggunakan dosis maksimal 20 - 40 g. Untuk buah dosisnya 10 - 15 g, direbus, alu diminum. Untuk pemakaian luar, daun segar dilumatkan atau digiling halus, kemudian diturapkan ke tempat yang sakit seperti luka, digigit ular, dan serangga, atau untuk merangsang pertumbuhan rambut.

CONTOH PEMAKAIAN :
1. Tekanan darah tinggi, kaki bengkak :
Daun murbei segar sebanyak 15 g dicuci bersih kemudian direbus
dengan 2 gelas air selama 15 menit. Setelah dingin disaring lalu
dibagi untuk 2 kali minum, pagi dan sore.

2. Memperbanyak kcluamya air susu ibu (ASI) :
Daun murbei muda dimasak sebagai sayur, lalu dimakan bersama
nasi.

3. Kencing nanah Kulit :
Akar murbei, adas pulosari, dan kayu sandel (sandelhout) direbus.

4. Bisul, radang kulit :
Daun murbei segar sebanyak 1 genggam dicuci lalu direbus dengan
2 gelas air sampai tersisa 1 gelas. Setelah dingin disaring, minum
sekaligus. Rebusan daun ini berguna untuk membersihkan darah
sehingga dapat diminum secara teratur.

5. Luka, borok :
Daun murbei segar setelah dicuci bersih lalu dioleskan minyak
kelapa. Layukan di atas api lalu diremas-remas dengan jari tangan
sehingga menjadi lemas. Daun tadi kemudian dipakai untuk menutup
luka. Namun sebelumnya, luka harus dicuci dahulu dengan rebusan
akar tren guli.

6. Digigit ular
Daun murbei segar sebanyak 20 g dicuci lalu digiling halus.
Tambahkan 1/2 cangkir air masak, lalu disaring dan diperas. Air
yang terkumpul lalu diminum sekaligus.

7. Berkeringat malam
Daun murbei kering yang dijadikan serbuk sebanyak 6 - 9 g, direbus
dengan air beras sampai mendidih. Setelah dingin lalu diminum.

8. Rematik, tangan dan kaki baal dan sakit :
Ranting murbei kering sebanyak 15 g direbus dengan 3 gelas air
bersih sampai tersisa 1 gelas. Setelah dingin disaring, minum. Sehari
2 kali, masing-masing 1/2 gelas.

9. Hepatitis kronis, kurang darah, tekanan darah tinggi :
Buah murbei segar sebanyak 10 g ditambah air masak 1 gelas, lalu

Komposisi :
SIFAT KIMIAWI DAN EFEK FARMAKOLOGIS : Daun bersifat pahit, manis, dingin, masuk meridian paru dan hati. Buah bersifat manis, dingin, masuk meridian jantung, hati, dan ginjal. Kulit akar bersifat manis, sejuk, masuk meridian paru. Ranting bersifat pahit, netral, masuk meridian hati. KANDUNGAN KIMIA : Daun murbei mengandung ecdysterone, inokosterone, lupeol, beta-sitosterol, rutin, moracetin, isoquersetin, scopoletin, scopolin, alfa-, beta-hexenal, cis-beta-hexenol, cis-lamda-hexenol, benzaidehide, eugenol, linalool, benzyl alkohol, butylamine, aceto'ne, trigonelline, choline, adenin, asam amino, copper, zinc, vitamin (A, B1, C. dan karoten), asam klorogenik, asam fumarat, asam folat, asam formyltetrahydrofolik, dan mioinositol. Juga mengandung phytoestrogens. Bagian ranting murbei mengandung tanin dan vitamin A. B uahnya mengandung cyanidin, isoquercetin, sakarida, asam linoleat, asam stearat, asam oleat, dan vitamin (karoten, B1, B2 dan C). Kulit batang mengandung (1) triterpenoids: alfa-,beta-amyrin, sitosterol, sitosterol-alfa-glucoside. (2) Flavonoids: morusin, cyclomorusin, kuwanone A,B,C, oxydihydromorusin. (3) Coumarins: umbelliferone, dan scopoletin. Kulit akar mengandung derivat flavone mulberrin, mulberrochromene, cyclomulberrin, cyclomulberrochromene, morussin, dan mulberrofuran A. Juga mengandung betulinic acid, scopoletin, alfa-amyrin, beta-amyrin, undecaprenol, dan dodecaprenol. Biji: urease. Efek Farmakologis dan Hasil Penelitian : Eedysterone berkhasiat hipoglikemik.

Sumber ipteknet

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Greges Otot

Greges Otot Tanaman Obat Indonesia

(Equisetum debile Roxb.)
Sinonim :

Familia :
Equisetaceae

Uraian :
Tumbuh ditempat terbuka atau sedikit ternaungi, berkumpul pada tanah lembah berpasir dan berbatu-batu yang banyak digenangi air, sepanjang aliran air di pegunungan, tepi sungai, selokan atau di rawa-rawa. Herba ini dapat ditemukan dari 300-2.700 m dpl. Tanaman pakuan yang tumbuh tegak atau tumbuh ke atas diantara tumbuhan lain, tinggi sekitar 1 m. Pangkal kadang merayap, ujung berjuntai, batang agak lemas, berongga dengan diameter 2-10 mm, bergaris-garis, beruas panjang. Cabang-cabang berkarang keluar dari buku-bukunya, selalu hijau dengan akar rimpang yang merayap. Daun keluar di atas buku, tersusun berkarang, kecil, lancip, berbentuk sisik dan merupakan sebuah kelopak tipis. Kantong spora terletak di ujung batang, berupa bulir, panjang 1-2,5 cm bentuknya lonjong dengan ujung yang tajam. Daun spora berbentuk perisai segi enam, bertangkai, di tengah-tengah berangkai dan susunannya berkeliling. Perbanyakan dengan spora.

Nama Lokal :
Bibitungan, tata-ropongan (Sunda), lorogan haji, petungan,; sempol, tepung balung, tikei balung, tropongan (Jawa),; Sodlisoan (Madura). rumput betung, sendep-sendep (Sumatera);

Penyakit Yang Dapat Diobati :
Radang mata, Influenza, demam, diare, radang usus, hepatitis; Kencing atau berak berdarah, bengkak, tulang patah, wasir; Rematik;

Pemanfaatan :
BAGIAN YANG DIPAKAI:
Seluruh herba. Tanaman dicuci bersih, dipotong-potong seperlunya. Jemur untuk disimpan.

KEGUNAAN:
- Radang mata merah (acute conjunctivitis).
- Radang saluran air mata (ductus lacrimalis).
- Menghambat pembentukan selaput pada mata (pterygium).
- Influenza, demam.
- Diare, radang usus. Hepatitis.
- Kencing berdarah (hematuria), berak darah, darah haid banyak.
- Kencing kurang lancar, bengkak (edema).
- Tulang patah, rematik.
- Wasir (hemorrhoid).

PEMAKAIAN:
Untuk minum: 10-15 g herba kering, rebus.
Pemakaian luar: Dibuat parem. Digunakan untuk sakit pada persendian, digosokkan pada anak untuk memperkuat anggota gerak dan obat luka.

CARA PEMAKAIAN:
1. Tulang patah:
Bila kedudukan tulang baik, ambil 2 batang herba segar seutuhnya,
dicuci lalu ditumbuk halus, remas dengan air garam secukupnya.
Ramuan ini dipakai untuk menurap bagian yang cedera, lalu dibalut.
Diganti 2 kali sehari.

2. Hepatitis, wasir: 30 g herba,greges otot direbus, minum sebagai teh.

3. Acute conjunctivitis, radang mata:
Greges otot, biji boroco (Celosia argentea L.), bunga chrysant
(Chrysanthemum indicum), kulit sejenis jangkrik (Cryptotympana
atrata = cicada), masing-masing 10 g, rebus. Setelah dingin
disaring, minum.

4. Rematik:
15 g herba kering dan sebutir asam (Tamarindus indica) direbus
dengan 3 gelas air bersih sampai tersisa 1 gelas. Setelah dingin
disaring, minum pagi dan sore hari, sampai sembuh.

5. Wasir:
30 g herba segar greges otot dicuci bersih lalu digiling halus.
Tempelkan pada wasirnya.

CATATAN : Pemakaian lama, dapat mengganggu fungsi ginjal.
Komposisi :
SIFAT KIMIAWI DAN EFEK FARMAKOLOGIS: Manis, sedikit pahit, netral. Anti radang, peluruh kencing (diuretik), pengobatan radang mata, menghilangkan angin dan panas, astringent, antihemorrhoid, menghentikan perdarahan. KANDUNGAN KIMIA: Asam kersik 5%-10%, asam oksalat, asam malat, asam akonitat (equisetic acid), asam tanat, kalium, natrium, thiaminase dan saponin.

sumber: http://www.iptek.net.id

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Cold and Flu - Protection, Prevention and Treatment

Author: Kyle J. Norton

Cold and flu are the most commonly occurring illnesses in the entire world, with more than 1 billion colds per year reported in the United States alone. The common cold is a self-limit

ed illness caused by any 1 of more than 200 viruses. You usually do not need to call your doctor if you catch a cold. For more severe symptoms or a prolonged duration of symptoms, you should visit your doctor. An office visit will usually be fine.

I. How to protect yourself from cold and flu

1. Stop stress - Pushing yourself too hard depresses the immune system. When your defenses are down, you are vulnerable to a cold or flu virus.

2. Healthy diet - A healthy diet is important to keep your immune system strong. Avoid junk food and consume more fruits, vegetables and plenty of non-caffeinated liquids.

3. Taking vitamin C daily - During cold season, taking extra vitamin C helps to strengthen your defenses against cold viruses. This helps to reduce the severity of cold symptoms. Be sure to wash your hand after using any office equipment, especially when one of your co-workers have colds.

II. If you have a cold

1. Drink a lot of hot fluids Traditionally, a family member who has cold or flu is only allowed to take hot chicken soup and chicken congee, avoiding all the hard to digest and cold foods. No one knows why but it works more effectively. Hot tea also keep the nasal passages open.

2. Take an antihistamine to relieve stuffy nose.

3. Treat coughs with the right cough medicine Coughs that produce phlegm can be treated by the ingredient guaifenesin which loosens the mucus that causes you to cough. If you have a dry and irritating cough, dextromethorphan might be used to suppress it during the night so you can sleep. Unless absolutely necessary do not use antibiotics. Overuse of antibiotics do more harm than good to your body.

III. Prevention and Treatment with Foods
A.Here are some foods that can be eaten regularly so you can strengthen up your immune system and kill the bugs before they can attack.

1. Chicken soup
No one knows how, but it works. It was nothing compared to the improvement after intake of chicken soup, our body might need to negate the effects of steam from hot water and hot chicken soup. If you look closer to any chicken soup recipe, you can see there are a lot of garlic, onions, peppers, etc which are natural remedies helping to improve immune system.

2. Contessa
Mix regular tea with 1 teaspoon of honey, congac, butter each and 1/2 teaspoon of cinnamon and drink them while it is hot before bed time. You will see the difference when you wake up in the morning.

3. Honey and apple cider vinegar
Mix 1/4 cup of apple cider vinegar and an equal amount of honey. It is particularly effective for a cold with a sore throat.

4. Tea, cinnamon, sage and bay leaves
Prepare tea by steeping equal parts of cinnamon, sage, and bay leaves in hot water. Strain and before drinking the tea add 1 teaspoon of lemon juice and honey.

5. Sunflower seeds
Boil 1/2 cup of sunflower seeds in 5 cups of water until there is about 2 cups of water left in the pot. Then add 2 cups of honey and 1/2 cup of gin. Take 2 teaspoons three times a day just before mealtime.

6. Drink a lot of non dairy liquid, so you can keep flushing out your system.

B. Prevention and Treatment with Nutritional Supplements
Here are some nutrients that have proven record of preventing cold and flu. Keep these nutrients in mind when the cold and flu season comes.

1. Vitamin C
This nutrient strengthens the immune system, accelerating its ability to combat harmful substances. Bowel tolerance doses can be taken orally and more can be taken with out this effect when administered intravenously.

2. Bioflavonoids
Working together with vitamin C, Bioflavonoids assists in the management of cold and flu by reducing the severity and duration of symptoms, helping to maintain and strengthen capillary and connective tissues. It also has an effectiveness of relieving varicose and surface veins.

3.DHEA
This adrenal hormone offers immune enhancing qualities and helps fight viruses.

4.Zinc
Zinc plays an important role in preventing and treating cold and flu. It is required by the thymus gland that is a major link in the immune system, helping to produce highly differentiated and educated cells that can fight off the onslaught of new bacteria and viruses.

5. Shark liver oil
Seagate shark liver oil has one of the highest natural levels of Omega 3 fatty acids in the world. Deficiencies in these fatty acids have been noticed in studies involving people having nervous disorders. Shark liver oil also helps in boosting the production of virus fighting cytokines and alkylglycerols make shark liver oil the natural fighter of antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal forces.

6.Melatonin
Melatonin has the ability to trigger T-helper-cell production. T-helper-cells are necessary for the immune system in recognizing cancer cells, viruses, bacteria and fungi.

There are many more nutrients which have a power in strengthening your immune system, helping to fend of cold and flu such as medical mushroom, gamma- Linoleic acid, and etc.

C. Prevention and Treatment with With Herbs
Here are some herbs that might help to prevent cold and flu:

1.Echinacea
Echinacea boosts the immune system to help prevent cold, flu, allergies and minor upper respiratory infections therefore it has an effectiveness of treating cold, flu & sinus relief.

3.Greentea
Green tea contains antioxidants that can help to boost immune function, therefore with immune system strengthening substances green tea protects your body from getting cold or flu. A recent study published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition showed that subjects taking a special preparation of green tea as a capsule experienced 23% less of getting cold and flu overall and 36% fewer sick days.

4.Goldenseal
Goldensea provides nutrients that enhance the immune system and help fight the cold and flu, shortening the duration of colds and flu. It also is one of the most popular herbal combinations for respiratory issues, used by Native Americans for centuries.

5.Astragalus
Astralagus has been used in Asia to prevent cold and flu for more than 2,000 years. This herb stimulates the body's production of interferon, which is a potent immune protein that boosts your ability to fight infections and diseases.

6.Peppermint
Peppermint is an expectorant and a decongestant. It may offer some relief for mild asthma attacks, lessening bronchial constriction and making it easier to breathe. Peppermint promotes sweating, which could possibly help regulate body temperature during a fever, which is good news during cold and flu season.

D. Treatment with Homeopathy
Homeopathy have been proven to help relieve cold or flu. The homeopathy physician analyzes many factors, including the speed of onset of symptom, sensation, how the patient looks and his or her mental state.

1.Early stages of cold and flu

a) Aconite
This remedy is often prescribed for robust people, as well as those who eat meat often. Only 30c pellets under the tongue is needed to get a cold to disappear.

b) Belladonna
Belladonna is a remedy for serious symptoms of cold, flu, infection and sore throat.

c) Ferrum phosphoricum
This remedy is for people with a weak immune system. Cold and flu symptoms are not vague but uncomfortable. There might be a slight earache, running nose and a mild sore throat.

2. Mid-stage of cold and flu

a) Allium Cepa
People with mid stage of cold are given allium cepa when their eyes are watery and clear but nose is red and irritated. Other symptoms include multiple sneezes and burning nasal discharge.

b)Natrum Muriaticum
Person has a thick, clear fluid discharge that resembles raw egg white. Lips are dry and cracked with cold sores on the side or outside of the mouth.

3. For advanced stages of cold and flu

a) Arsenicum Album
People with symptoms of burning eyes, sinus, irritation in the nose, sneezing, extreme chill, restlessness and fever. This person feels worse at night and better in the morning.

b) Mercurius vivus
The cold is already in the advanced stage and the immune system is weakened. People have soar throats that feel with swallowing, as well as sneezing, bad cough, and night sweats.

c) Hepar Sulph
This remedy helps deep colds and flu when this turns into infection and sinusitis. The person is very chilly and there is often mucus in the lung with thick and yellow discharge. Antibiotics may be used.
I hope this information will help. If you want to read more, please visit my home page:
Linkification:
http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com
http://coldandflutips.blogspot.com/

All rights reserved. Any reproducing of this article must have all the links intact.

About the Author:

I have been studying natural remedies for disease prevention for over 20 years and working as a financial consultant since 1990.

Article Source: ArticlesBase.com - Cold and Flu - Protection, Prevention and Treatment

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